Donovan this chapter presents basic definitions and information on dental caries, clinical characteristics of the caries lesion, caries risk assessment, and caries management, in the context of clinical operative dentistry. Ecc is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugarrich diet. Dental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss. In the beginning, dental caries is a pale or brownish spot on the tooth surface. An important hurdle in determining the etiology of tooth decay is that many samples were not taken from the disease site itself but from other, noninvasive samples such as saliva, which does not represent the cariogenic microbiota. Dental caries, etiology, and remedy through natural resources. Editorial prevention of dental caries through the use of. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. However, in a seminal work, aas and collaborators obtained over 1200 clones of the 16s rrna gene from dental plaques and carious lesions at different stages of. Read new directions in the etiology of dental caries disease to learn more. A diagnostic method for dental caries should allow the detection of the disease in its earliest. Since there is a positive correlation between ca vi concentration and salivary flow rate, and a negative correlation with the dmft index, recent adv dent res 14. Causes, prevention and treatment strategies oral and dental diseases.
Main players in the etiology of this disease are cariogenic bacteria. The fourth edition of essentials of dental caries provides readers with an uptodate, clinically relevant guide to dental caries. Therefore, the search for viable alternative products is of paramount importance. Dental caries is a multifactorial, transmissible, infectious oral disease caused primarily by the complex interaction of cariogenic oral flora biofilm with fermentable dietary carbohydrates on the tooth surface over time. It is the destruction of dental hard acellular tissue by acidic byproducts from the bacterial fermentation of. Black5 proposed that tooth decay was due to the formation of lactic acid in the mouth as a result of carbohydrate fermentation. Tooth decay dental caries causes, symptoms, diagnosis. Willoughby miller,2 a dentist and early dental researcher, proposed that oral bacteria in the presence of. Caries is a bacterial disease that can start early in a humans life. Dental caries are responsible for a high rate of morbidity among the population and are associated with a reduced quality of life. Dental caries, both treated and untreated, in seniors age 65 and older declined from the early 1970s until the most recent 19992004 national health and nutrition examination survey. Polymicrobial diseases, including dental caries, are not infectious. Understanding its causes and progression allows the dental team to help the patient control and manage it so that patients can maintain healthy teeth for life. Then, it turns later to a dark brown or black spot.
It was found out that the bacteria are carried over by mother to the child during 1928 months of age. Pdf for decades, the sugarfermenting, acidogenic species streptococcus mutans has been considered the main causative agent of dental. Theories of caries etiology 2,4,6 the etiology of dental caries is a complex problem. According to this theory, teeth are destroyed by the acids formed in the oral cavity by the putrefaction of protein which produced ammonia and was subsequently oxidized to nitric. The proper management of dental caries in clinical practice requires an accurate diagnosis. It is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting the human race. Global scenario of dental caries dental caries are the most important global oral health. Ecc leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life. Introduction issues of oral health in children revolve almost exclusively around dental caries. Its an infectious disease characterized by a multifactorial etiology. This book provides information to the readers starting with the history of oral hygiene manners, and modern oral hygiene practices. The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of dental caries. Dental caries aetiology pathology and prevention pdf.
Early childhood caries ecc is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. Cronicon open access ec dental science perspective early childhood caries. Dental caries can be developed in any part of the tooth surface. Approximately 5% of seniors age 65 and older have no teeth. Dental caries, a chronic disease is unique among human and is one of the most common important global oral health problems in the world today. Annika julihn, margaret grindefjord, and ivar espelid. Etiology of dental caries vdm dental blog ny, 10014. Following are some of the causes that is believed to cause dental caries chemical acid theory. It is the destruction of dental hard acellular tissue by acidic byproducts from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates especially sucrose.
Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Dental caries is a polymicrobial disease caused by various consortia. Before deciding on a treatment plan, which may include a range of clinical. Saliva and dental caries new jersey medical school.
However, it has been known for over 100 years that dental decay is caused by bacteria fermenting foods, producing acids and. Advances in the microbial etiology and pathogenesis of early. However, treatment cost for dental diseases is normally high. Tooth decay dental caries is damage to a tooth that can happen when decaycausing bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the tooths surface, or enamel. The physicians role in child oral health 1 chapter 1. In advanced cases, where the pulp of the tooth is involved, endodontic. Pathobiology of dental caries dental caries is a microbiologic disease that results in the dissolution. Although there have been notable declines in tooth decay over the past three decades, it remains the most common chronic childhood disease, more widespread.
In developing countries, dental caries has increased where there has been increased exposure to dietary sugars. For decades, the sugarfermenting, acidogenic species streptococcus mutans has been considered the main causative agent of dental caries and most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have been targeted toward this microorganism. It is known that the prevalence of dental caries among the general population has been linked to socioeconomic and demographic conditions, as well as behavioral aspects 3. New directions in the etiology of dental caries disease.
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is caused by bacteria in the oral cavity. In the minds of the lay person, and surprisingly even within dentistry, dental caries is often thought of as holes in the teeth rather than an entire disease process. Dental caries, etiology, and remedy through natural. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 598k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Over the last four decades, the prevalence and severity of dentine carious. Pdf solving the etiology of dental caries alex mira. Dental caries definition, classification and etiology ovi dental. Download fulltext pdf solving the etiology of dental caries article pdf available in trends in microbiology 232 november 2014 with 2,929 reads.
For this, we need to isolate the bioactive compounds from plants with little or no harmful effects. The microbial etiology of dental caries is discussed in terms of the dynamic relationship among the dental plaque microbiota, dietary carbohydrate, saliva, and the phlowering and cariogenic potential of dental plaque. Solving the etiology of dental caries sciencedirect. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ecc. Dental caries etiology, clinical characteristics, risk assessment, and management. Parmly 1819 proposed that an unidentified chymical agent was responsible for caries. Carifree is a scientifically proven dental decay prevention system thats been proven safe for everyday use. This can lead to a small hole in a tooth, called a cavity.
The most generally accepted theory as to the cause of dental caries is that certain bacteria in the mouth, in the presence of fermentable sugars, cause the formation of acids which in turn decalcify teeth. Which, accumulates on tooth surfaces and produce acidic metabolites mainly lactic acid that damage the tooth enamel. It continues with the prevalence and etiology of caries. The term dental caries is used to describe thesigns and symptoms of a localized demineralization of the mineral portion of these tissues f.
Pdf solving the etiology of dental caries anna leticia. Dental caries definition, classification and etiology. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. The final outcome of dental caries is determined by multiple factors such as saliva, exposure to fluoride, and sugar dietary consumptions, which influence the dynamic balance between the demineralisation and remineralisation processes. Dental caries diagnosis, prevention and management.
Etiology, diagnosis and prevention ivona orec1 and dubravka negovetic vranic2 1dr. The presence of certain factors is assumed to favor. In the united states, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease,1 and its treatment is. The modern concept of caries is due primarily to the work of miller, who demonstrated bacteria in carious areas. The previous two chapters have given the reader an understanding of. Caries is caused by pathobionts present at low levels under healthy conditions. The role of diet and nutrition in the etiology and. Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide.
The worst is that it can last throughout the life and lead to the loss of teeth. Causes, prevention and treatment strategies naseem shah dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease of the teeth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissues. Radiographs are useful for caries detection because caries causes demineralization of the tooth. The evidence supports a concept of caries as a dietary carbohydratemodified bacterial infectious disease. Due to the high prevalence of oral disease and increased microbial resistance against antibiotics, there is a need for alternative methods. Pdf solving the etiology of dental caries researchgate. Isbn 9781789237344, eisbn 9781789237351, pdf isbn 9781838816322, published 20180919. Dental caries despite the marked decline in dental caries in developed countries over the past 30 years, the prevalence remains high and favourable trends are halting 18. This survey applies only to those seniors who have teeth.
Dental caries is a process which occurs on any tooth surface in the oral cavity where dental plaque is allowed to develop over a period of time. Region wise distribution of dental caries in the past 15 years 19992014 shows more prevalent in the northernern region among all the index age groups with maximum prevalence 76. Tooth decay is a tissuedependent process of varying etiology. Dental caries is an infective serious transmittable bacterial disease characterized by a multifactorial pathology.
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